Which medical TV shows do you watch?

Out of all the medical TV shows out there I like ER the most. I have watched the entire First and Third seasons till now (each season is ~ 22 episodes).

ER is an Emmy Award-winning American medical drama series created by novelist Michael Crichton and airing on NBC. It is set primarily in the emergency room of fictional County General Hospital in Cook County, Chicago. It is produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Entertainment in association with Warner Bros. Television Production, Inc. ER is NBC's second longest-running drama (after Law & Order), and, at 14 seasons, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time.

It premiered on September 19, 1994 and has been aired on Thursday nights at 10:00 for its entire run. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series will return for its 15th and final season, which will run for 19 episodes before the show retires at the end of the February 2009 sweeps.


Awards

Emmy Awards

• Outstanding Drama Series (1996)
• Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series—Julianna Margulies (1995)
• Outstanding Individual Achievement in Directing for a Drama Series—Mimi Leder for episode "Love's Labor Lost" (1995)
• Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series—Sally Field (2001)Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series—Ray Liotta (2005)

Golden Globe

• Awards Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Series-Drama—Anthony Edwards (1998)
• Screen Actors Guild Awards Best Performance by a Cast in a Drama Series (1996-1999) 4 wins
• Best Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series—Julianna Margulies (1998-99) 2 wins
• Best Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series—Anthony Edwards (1996, 1998) 2 wins

Which medical TV shows do you like the most?

I was invited to join "Wellshpere". What do you think?

I received this Email a few days ago. Its an invitation to join http://www.wellsphere.com/home.s which I honestly didn't hear of till now. I checked their site and it looked nice and interesting. You can read their About page here: http://www.wellsphere.com/about.s

I am pasting the original email below so you can have a look at it:

"Hi ,

I was searching online for the best health bloggers when I discovered your blog at http://prep4md.blogspot.com/. I want to tell you I think your writing is great. My name is Dr. Geoff Rutledge, and I've taught and practiced Internal and Emergency Medicine for over 25 years at Harvard and Stanford medical schools. I'm also the Chief Medical Information Officer at Wellsphere (www.wellsphere.com), where we are building a network of the web’s leading health bloggers -- and I think you would be a great addition.

Wellsphere is a fast growing, next-generation online platform that is revolutionizing the way people find and share health and healthy living information and services. Our platform connects millions of users each month with the valuable insights and knowledge from health leaders and knowledgeable writers like you.

We recently launched a new series of health communities, and I would like to invite you to be a featured blogger in the General Medicine Community. By joining our network of over 1200 of leading health and healthy living bloggers, you will be in great company, and will benefit from exposure to the expanded audience of the Wellsphere community (now over 2 million visitors per month, and growing fast). When you join, we also will feature you on our very popular WellBlog (http://www.wellsphere.com/blog.s), with a link back to your blog.

We will republish the postings you’ve already written for you, and feature them not only on the community pages of the site, but also on our WellPages, where we give users a comprehensive view of expert information, news, videos, local resources, and member postings on topics you write about. Your profile page on the site will give you special status as a featured blogger on Wellsphere. If you are an active contributor, we also will feature your posts on our homepage at www.wellsphere.com.

By connecting to the Wellsphere platform, you will greatly expand the audience for your postings and attract additional readers to your blog. Also, your posts will link back to your blog, so you will benefit from Wellsphere's high ranking and large readership interested in your topic, which will give you more traffic, additional relevant audience, and a higher ranking for your blog.

If you would like to be a featured blogger on Wellsphere, just send me an email to Dr.Rutledge@wellsphere.com. You can see examples of our WellPages on our live site. For example, take a look at http://www.wellsphere.com/wellpage/diabetes

Good health,

Geoff"

So, what do you make of all of this? Any advice?
Did you receive this email too?

Update :)

Hello dear readers :)

How are you all doing? I hope you are all healthy, happy, and doing fine.

I haven't posted in about a week because I have travelled. Infact, I am still in Saudi right now. I might stay here for another week or so. Many things have happened that I would like to write about as soon as possible.

Anyhow, something that I have been thinking about is starting a separate blog where I could write about personal stuff and non medical topics so things do not get cluttered on this blog and so my "medical readers" that are not interested in reading such things do not get annoyed by it.

One of our fellow medical student bloggers has done just that. He runs two seperate blogs, namely "Medicopedia" and "Dr. Haisook Brain Grooves".

What do you think? Is this a good idea? If it is, what do you suggest I name my new blog?

Till next time, you all take care!

On-line Resources, Tools and Services for Students

A few on-line resources that students might find useful.



Wikiversity

http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Main_Page

Wikiversity is a learning community. Wikiversity Wikimedia Foundation aims to further the discovery and distribution of knowledge in a very natural way, by helping people to learn and to share learning resources.

You can use Wikiversity to find information, ask questions, or learn more about a subject.

You can explore knowledge at Wikiversity through advanced study and research. You can also use Wikiversity to share your knowledge about a subject with others by building learning materials. Wikiversity is a communal effort to learn and facilitate others' learning. The basic definition of a university in Latin is universitas magistrorum et scholarium - a community of teaching and learning.

The basic definition of a wiki is software that allows collaborative creation of online documents. Wikiversity combines wiki technology and culture with a variety of learning communities and projects.

If you are interested in learning about a subject, browse our content to see if there is anything that suits your needs. It would also be helpful if you comment on the materials you use, so that we can continually improve our resources. Also, if you want to meet other people who are interested in your subject, you may want to join a learning community devoted to that subject (or help create one if one doesn't yet exist). You may find someone there who can help you with your learning, or you may want to help someone else with what you already know.

Update: Wikiversity looks like a work in progress. Not many "courses" are set and ready to go. Most (actually all the ones that I have looked for) courses are under construction and are waiting for contributers. If you have the time and knowledge you should probably give it a try. You wont lose anything.

Questia

http://www.questiamedia.com/corp/site/index.html

Questia is the world's largest online library of copyright-cleared books, with over 67,000 full-text books, 1.5 million articles, and a reference set complete with dictionary, encyclopedia, and thesaurus.

But Questia is more than just an online library. A subscription to Questia also includes digital productivity tools for highlighting text, taking notes, and generating footnotes and bibliographies in seven different styles. Join more than 250,000 satisfied customers and discover how Questia delivers Faster, Easier Research today!



Archive.org

http://www.archive.org/index.php

The Internet Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-profit that was founded to build an Internet library, with the purpose of offering permanent access for researchers, historians, and scholars to historical collections that exist in digital format. Founded in 1996 and located in the Presidio of San Francisco, the Archive has been receiving data donations from Alexa Internet and others. In late 1999, the organization started to grow to include more well-rounded collections.

Now the Internet Archive includes texts, audio, moving images, and software as well as archived web pages in our collections.



Google Scholar

http://scholar.google.com/

Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations. Google Scholar helps you identify the most relevant research across the world of scholarly research.

Features of Google Scholar:

• Search diverse sources from one convenient place
• Find papers, abstracts and citations
• Locate the complete paper through your library or on the web
• Learn about key papers in any area of research

Wikibooks

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page

Wikibooks went online on 10 July 2003. Wikibooks is a collection of open-content textbooks that anyone, including you, can edit right now by clicking on the edit this page link that appears near the top of each Wikibooks module. Contributors maintain the property rights to their contributions, while the GNU Free Documentation License makes sure that the submitted version and its derivative works will always remain freely distributable and reproducible.

Wikibooks is for textbooks, annotated texts, instructional guides, and manuals. These materials can be used in a traditional classroom, an accredited or respected institution, a home-school environment, as part of a Wikiversity course or for self-learning.

As a general rule only instructional books are suitable for inclusion. Most types of books, both fiction and non-fiction, are not allowed on Wikibooks, unless they are instructional.

The use of literary elements, such as allegory or fables as instructional tools can be permitted in some situations. Materials which may not be appropriate for Wikibooks should only be removed in accordance with the deletion policy.



Last but not least:

BBC Learning

Unfortunately, I could not find an "about" page on their site. Check it out for your self.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learning/



What other great resources do you use? Please share them with us.

Please !

Students Blogging in a high school journalism class --- Video

A high school journalism class learning blogging in the US.

Good idea or bad idea? What do you think?

Web 2.0 Bubbles!

What the heck is "Web 2.0" anyway?

Here is a brief introduction to some of the more famous Web 2.0 services:


http://digg.com/

Digg is a place for people to discover and share content from anywhere on the web. From the biggest online destinations to the most obscure blog, Digg surfaces the best stuff as voted on by our users. You won’t find editors at Digg — we’re here to provide a place where people can collectively determine the value of content and we’re changing the way people consume information online.


http://www.linkedin.com/

LinkedIn is an online network of more than 25 million experienced professionals from around the world, representing 150 industries. When you join, you create a profile that summarizes your professional accomplishments. Your profile helps you find and be found by former colleagues, clients, and partners. You can add more connections by inviting trusted contacts to join LinkedIn and connect to you.

Your network consists of your connections, your connections’ connections, and the people they know, linking you to thousands of qualified professionals.


http://www.google.com/talk/

The Google Talk gadget is a web-based application with some fun features for communicating in real time.

• Instant messaging — Chat with all of your Google Talk and Gmail contacts in real time.
• No download required — Start chatting immediately from any computer.
• Group chat — Invite multiple people to chat with you in a group.
• Media previews — Cut and paste video and slideshow URLs from YouTube, Google Video, Picasa Web Albums and Flickr into your chats and view them in your chat window.
• Add to iGoogle — You can add the Google Talk gadget to your iGoogle homepage to put chat alongside other useful and entertaining gadgets.
• Add to your own webpage — Just cut and paste this code into your own webpage or blog to embed the Google Talk gadget.

http://www.google.com/reader

Keep track of your favorite websites. Stay up to date.
Google Reader constantly checks your favorite news sites and blogs for new content. Whether a site updates daily or monthly, you can be sure that you won't miss a thing. Simplify your reading experience. Google Reader shows you all of your favorite sites in one convenient place. It's like a personalized inbox for the entire web. Discover new content. Millions of sites publish feeds with their latest updates, and our integrated feed search makes it easy to find new content that interests you.


http://www.reddit.com/

Reddit is a source for what's new and popular on the web -- personalized for you. Your votes train a filter, so let reddit know what you liked and disliked, because you'll begin to be recommended links filtered to your tastes. All of the content on reddit is submitted and voted on by users like you.


http://www.slideshare.net/

SlideShare is the world's largest community for sharing presentations.

- Individuals & organizations upload presentations to share their ideas, connect with others, and generate leads for their businesses.
- Anyone can find presentations on topics that interest them. They can tag, download, or embed presentations into their own blogs & websites.

SlideShare is the best way to get your slides out there on the web, so your ideas can be found and shared by a wide audience. Do you want to get the word out about your product or service? Do you want your slides to reach people who could not make it to your talk? Are you a teacher looking to share your lesson plans? It only takes a moment - start uploading now, and let your slides do the talking!


http://www.stumbleupon.com/

StumbleUpon helps you discover and share great websites. As you click Stumble!, we deliver high-quality pages matched to your personal preferences. These pages have been explicitly recommended by your friends or one of 5,916,656 other websurfers with interests similar to you. Rating these sites you like automatically shares them with like-minded people – and helps you discover great sites your friends recommend. How Does it Work? StumbleUpon uses ratings to form collaborative opinions on website quality. When you stumble, you will only see pages which friends and like-minded stumblers have recommended. This helps you discover great content you probably wouldn't find using a search engine.


http://twitter.com/

Twitter is a service for friends, family, and co–workers to communicate and stay connected through the exchange of quick, frequent answers to one simple question: What are you doing? Tell us what you're doing in 140 characters or less! Send your thoughts, observations, and goings-on in your day. Whether you're "eating an apple" or "looking foward to the weekend" or "Heading out of town" it's twitter-worthy.


http://friendfeed.com/

FriendFeed enables you to keep up-to-date on the web pages, photos, videos and music that your friends and family are sharing. It offers a unique way to discover and discuss information among friends. Sign up for FriendFeed, invite some friends, and get a customized feed made up of the content that your friends shared — from news articles to family photos to interesting links and videos. FriendFeed automatically imports shared stuff from sites across the web, so if your friend favorites a video on YouTube, you get a link and a thumbnail of the video in your feed. And if your friend likes a news story on Digg, you get a link in your feed. FriendFeed makes all the sites you already use a little more social. It’s also fast and easy to start discussions around shared items. On FriendFeed, you and your friends contribute to a shared stream of information — information that you care about, because it's from the people that you care about.

You don't need to install anything to use FriendFeed. But if you already use Facebook, you can add our Facebook application to connect your Facebook profile to all the other products you use around the web. You can also view your FriendFeed in your iGoogle homepage or read it in a feed reader. If you make your FriendFeed publicly visible (kind of like a blog that writes itself), you can embed your feed in your home page or blog.


http://www.new.facebook.com/

Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected.

Millions of people use Facebook everyday to keep up with friends, upload an unlimited number of photos, share links and videos, and learn more about the people they meet.


http://www.blogger.com/home

We created Blogger to give you an easy way to share your thoughts — about current events, what's going on in your life, or anything else you'd care to discuss — with the world. We've developed a host of features to make blogging as simple and effective as possible.


http://flickr.com/

Flickr - almost certainly the best online photo management and sharing application in the world - has two main goals:

1. We want to help people make their content available to the people who matter to them.
2. We want to enable new ways of organizing photos and video.

If you liked this post, please consider sharing it

Are there any other web 2.0 applications that we did not mention that use and recommend? Please let us know about them.

My latest project (or burst of immature enthusiasm) "Collection of FREE Medical Images"

After starting an account at www.flickr.com and falling in love with it, I noticed that you can make groups where you can share content (images and videos) and discuss subjects of interest.

And you know me, I would not lose a chance to give it a try! So, I did. I just started this new group called "Medical Public Domain" where I intend to collect good quality medical images that are free of any copyright restrictions.

You can join for free! So be sure to! If you already have an account on flickr you have no excuse! lol

No, seriously, don't you remeber those nights where you were searching on google for that xray or CT or microscopic bacteria image?? What you have never done that? What, it is only me? Then I guess I am from Mars!

Anyhow, I think this would probably make it easier for someone else to find these same pictures in the future.

This is my group's URL if you still didn't hop on to another site by now, lol

http://www.flickr.com/groups/freemedicalphotos/

Drop by, and share a photo or two with us, I mean me.

How to search for a book online?

Are you having a hard time searching for a book online?

Try this method:

Type:

allinurl: +(rar|chm|zip|pdf|tgz) TheTitle

in Google Search but replace TheTitle with the book's name.

-----------

Example:

Go to Google dot com

type the following in the search box:

allinurl: +(rar|chm|zip|pdf|tgz) First Aid USMLE Step 1

Then search ...

The search results will look something like this:


If you have better or other codes please share them with us. If you know good pdf search engines please let us know about them.

Doubt is Their Product by David Michaels

Doubt is Their Product by David Michaels

"David Michaels reveals how the tobacco industry's duplicitous tactics spawned a multimillion dollar industry that is dismantling public health safeguards. Product defense consultants, he argues, have increasingly skewed the scientific literature, manufactured and magnified scientific uncertainty, and influenced policy decisions to the advantage of polluters and the manufacturers of dangerous products. To keep the public confused about the hazards posed by global warming, second-hand smoke, asbestos, lead, plastics, and many other toxic materials, industry executives have hired unscrupulous scientists and lobbyists to dispute scientific evidence about health risks.

In doing so, they have not only delayed action on specific hazards, but they have constructed barriers to make it harder for lawmakers, government agencies, and courts to respond to future threats.

The Orwellian strategy of dismissing research conducted by the scientific community as "junk science" and elevating science conducted by product defense specialists to "sound science" status also creates confusion about the very nature of scientific inquiry and undermines the public's confidence in science's ability to address public health and environmental concerns Such reckless practices have long existed, but Michaels argues that the Bush administration deepened the dysfunction by virtually handing over regulatory agencies to the very corporate powers whose products and behavior they are charged with overseeing.

In Doubt Is Their Product Michaels proves, beyond a doubt, that our regulatory system has been broken. He offers concrete, workable suggestions for how it can be restored by taking the politics out of science and ensuring that concern for public safety, rather than private profits, guides our regulatory policy."

I haven't actually read the book but I have listened to his talk at GoogleTalks on YouTube.

"Authors@Google: David Michaels"

Medical Student Blogger --- A Success Story --- Scienceroll

| View | Upload your own

"On this blog, my aim is to make medicine, genetics more readable even for those who are not too interested in them. That’s why I mostly write about genetic testing, personalized genetics, the most important news of clinical genetics and, of course, popular medicine.

I also work on the relationship between web 2.0 and medicine. I try to provide useful content; tools and services that could ease the work of physicians, medical students, nurses or medical librarians." --- from Scienceroll's about page

The astonishing promise of DNA folding --- Video

Paul Rothemund: The astonishing promise of DNA folding

Link

Nanoscale folding of DNA, also known as DNA origami, is a process which allows researchers to create arbitrary two-dimensional shapes at the nanoscale using DNA. Novel designs have included the smiley face and a coarse map of North America. It was pioneered by Paul Rothemund at California Institute of Technology. (Wikipedia)

A paid unbiased review!

Today I found this odd e-mail in my inbox:

Hello,

I'm the webmaster of XXXXX Glasses dot com. I wanted to know if by any chance you would be interested in doing an unbiased review of one of our products on your blog http://prep4md.blogspot.com/

If you agree we will send you a product sample, so that you can try it and then write a review about it. Please note you won't have to return the product sample after publishing the review.

Please let me know if you are interested.

Thank you

G. A

If you want to receive more paid review proposals, just click the following link:

XXXXXXXXX dot com

If you don't want to ever receive mails from us, just click the following link:

XXXXXXXXX dot com

A paid unbiased review. Cool ha?! :p



Please

CCLCM To Offer Full Tuition Scholarships For All Students

On May 15, 2008 Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine announced that it is providing all its students with full tuition scholarships, beginning with July’s incoming class.

"Students currently enrolled in the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine will receive additional scholarship funding to offset 50% of the difference between past tuition paid and the financial aid they’ve already received. Cleveland Clinic will support the full tuition scholarships through existing endowment income and clinical operations. The long-term goal is to fund the scholarships entirely through endowment income."

Our fellow medical student blogger at "CCLCM Student" blog confirmed this earlier on this year. You can read his post "CCLCM goes tuition free".

I study at a private medical school. My tuition is increasing each year. No new teachers, no new facilities, no better services, ... , just increasing tuitions with no reasonable explanation.

For further reading:

• Cleveland Clinic Medical School To Offer No-Cost Education For Students Pursuing Academic Careers (Medical News Today)
• CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COLLEGE OF MEDICINE TO OFFER FULL TUITION SCHOLARSHIPS FOR ALL STUDENTS (pdf document)

Please  

The story behind the new web browser "Google Chrome"

For the past year I have been using Firefox for the majority of my browsing. I liked it but it was obvious that it had many problems. For example sometimes after being online for a while the keyboard buttons used to get mixed up; if I type A B C D E it shows on the screen W S L K R and as you can imagine that is very annoying! so I had to close all my tabs and start all over for the keys to straighten up. Another thing that used to happen is these small "panic attacks" where the browser stops responding and again I have to close the browser and restart it.

Anyhow, just yesterday, I noticed that Google lounched their own Web Browser "Chrome". I have been using it for several hours now and it seems pretty decent. The thing you will notice immediatly, that I presonlly love, is how large the interface is. The only thing you see from the browser itself is ~ half an inch at the top of the screen. Its beautiful. It provides maximum visibility of the web pages you are browsing.

If you would like to know more, here is a short video about Google's new web browser "Chrome"

Another video that I found informative is: "Google Privacy: Google Chrome"

Poor Firefox. They just lost their mighty advocate "GOOGLE". I am sure they are killing them selves now, lol.

Please  

..., are you proud of who I am? --- Video

It has been 7 months since I have last been with my family. Though I have gotten over this and next year will be my forth year of studying abroad, from time to time some thoughts and moments bring back memories and feelings of love, loneliness, gratefulness, regret, ...

Well tonight, what brought back these feelings was this song:

If you liked this post please share it

"Microbiology Basics" --- Gram Positive Bugs

Continuing what we started last time (How to study microbiology --- microbiology basics), in this post we will tackle Gram positive bugs.


How do you differentiate between Strep bugs and Staph bugs?

• Gram Stain: Staph are arranged in clusters while Strep are arranged in stripes.
• Catalase: Staph is catalase positive while Strep is catalase negaitve.

Streptococcus:

• These bugs are classified according to RBS lysis into beta, alpha, and gama hemolytics.
• Important members of this group include: S. pneumonia, S. viridans, and S. pyogenes (fever producing)
• Important virulent factors: M protein, Streptokinase.
• Beta hemolytic Streptococci cause four types of diseases by local invasion and or exotoxin release: streptococcal pharyngitis, Streptococcal skin infections, scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome. And cause two delayed antibody mediated diseases: rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis.
• Viridans streptococci cause three main types of infection: dental infections (cavaties), endocarditis, abscess.
• Note that: Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) is caused by Strep viridans while Acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE) is caused by Staph aureus.

Staphylococcus:

• Important bugs in this group: Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis.Remember that most Staph are Penicillin resistant.
• As we already mentioned Staph is differentiated from Strep by Gram Stain and Catalase reaction.
• One of the most important facts that you need to know is that Staph aureus is coagulase positive. This is a very important factor for its virulance.
• Some important factors of Staph aureus' virulent factors: Protein A, Coagulase, Hemolysin, Leukocidin, Penicillinase (we just said that most Staph are Penicillin resistant), exotoxin which causes scalded skin syndrome, enterotoxin which causes food poisoning.
• Diseases: Pneumonia, Meningitis, ABE, Akin infections, urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis, Toxic shock syndrome, Staph scalded skin syndrome.
• Remember that minor skin infections are almost exclusively caused by either Strep pyogenes or Staph aureus. And clinically it is almost impossible to differentiate the two. Strep can be cured by Penicillin but Staph are often resistant. Many physicians beleive that all skin infections should be treated with a Penicillinase resistant penicillin like dicloxacillin.
• A very important fact to remember is that Staph epidermidis causes infection of prosthetic devices in the body such as prosthetic joints and heart valves.

Bacillus and Clustridium:

• These are spore forming gram positive rods.
• We can differentiate them by their likness of oxygen. Bacillus are aerobes while Clostridium are anaerobs.
• Two important Bacillus are B. cereus which and B. anthracis (remember the anthrax terrorist threats?)
• B. cereus causes food poisoning. Antibiotics are no good in this case because the symptoms are caused by preformed enterotoxins.
• Clostridium can be differentiated from Bacillus by anaerobic culture.
• Famous diseases caused by Clustridium bugs: botulism, tetanus, gas gangrene, pseudomembranous colitis.
• These bugs produce extremely harmful exotoxins and enzymes.
• C. botulinum produces a neurotoxin that blocks Ach ---> flaccid paralysis. Source of the bugs may be smoked fish, home canned vegetables, or honey contaminated with spores.
• C. tetani causes the famous tetani which usually follows a wound puncture by a rusty nail ---> sustained muscle contraction ---> by blocking Renshaw cell interneurons.
• A vaccine that you should remember here is the DPT vaccine (Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus vaccine).
• C. perfringenes ---> causes gas gangrene which used to be a huge problem for soldiers in the battle field before the introduction of antibodies.
• C. defficile is a very im[portant bug clinically becuase it cause antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis which can follow the use of broad spectrum antibiotics like ampicillin, clindamycin and cephalosporins. The disease is charactirized by severe diarrhea, abdomoinal cramping and fever. It can be treated with oral vancomycin or metronidazole.

Corynbacterium and Listeria:

• Gram Positive non spore forming rods.
• C. diphteria ---> causes the famous disease diphtheria ---> which is characterized by a grayish pseudomembrane on the pharynx ---> which produces exotoxins which damage the heart and neural cells by interfering with protein synthesis.
• The media to remember for C. diphtheria is Loefler's coagulated blood serum media.
• Diphtheria is treated with: antitoxin, penicillin or erythromycin, and DPT vaccine.
• Listeria monocytogenes ... a point to remember about this bug is that it is probably the only gram positive bug with endotoxin. It is a facultative intracellular organism. It can cause meningitis in neonatesand immunosuppressed individuals.

Related posts:

1. How to study Microbiology --- Microbiology Basics Part ONE --- Step by Step
   
2. Medically Important Bacteria + free good quality images (Part I)
   
3. Medically Important Bacteria + free good quality images (Part II)
   
4. Medically Important Viruses + free good quality images (Part I)
   
5. Medically Important Viruses + free good quality images (Part II)
   
6. Simplified Antibiotics Lecture

.